Centaurus Constellation
Centaurus (The Centaur)
Centaurus is a prominent constellation in the southern sky, representing a centaur—a mythical creature with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a horse. Known for its bright stars and fascinating deep-sky objects, Centaurus is one of the largest constellations and is visible primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.
Key Features
- Bright Stars: Centaurus boasts several remarkable stars:
- Alpha Centauri: The closest star system to Earth, consisting of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri B (Toliman), and Proxima Centauri. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun, located just 4.24 light-years away.
- Beta Centauri (Hadar): A bright blue giant star, one of the most luminous stars visible in the night sky.
- Menkent: A bright orange giant marking the centaur's shoulder.
- Deep-Sky Objects: Centaurus is home to some of the most spectacular celestial objects:
- NGC 5139: The largest and brightest globular cluster visible from Earth, containing millions of stars.
- Centaurus A (NGC 5128): A peculiar galaxy that is one of the strongest radio sources in the sky, known for its dust lane and active nucleus.
- Blue Planetary Nebula (NGC 3918): A striking planetary nebula resembling a blue disc.
Mythological Background
In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents Chiron, a wise and kind centaur known for his knowledge of medicine and astronomy. Unlike other centaurs, who were often depicted as wild and unruly, Chiron was a teacher and healer, respected by gods and heroes alike. To honor him, Zeus placed Chiron in the sky after his death.
Other interpretations see Centaurus as a general representation of a centaur, symbolizing strength, duality, and the harmony between human intellect and animal instincts.
Cultural Significance
Centaurus has been an important constellation in various cultures, especially for navigation in the Southern Hemisphere. Alpha Centauri, the third-brightest star in the night sky, is a vital marker for locating the Southern Cross (Crux) constellation.
The constellation’s deep-sky objects, particularly Omega Centauri and Centaurus A, are popular targets for both amateur and professional astronomers. Its mythological and scientific importance make it one of the most studied constellations in the southern celestial sphere.
Centaurus Rise and Set Timetable
| Time | Elevation | |
| Centaurus is always below the horizon | - | |
| Astrosession begin | 03:42 | -26° |
| Astrosession end | 06:21 | -8° |
| Centaurus transit | 09:14 | -0° |
Track Centaurus Position Throughout the Night
| Time | |
| Altitude | |
| Azimuth |
Annual motion of Centaurus
| Date | Fri, 22 November 2024 |
| Twighlight start | 18:42 |
| Twighlight end | 05:44 |
| Twighlight duration | 11h 2m |
| Rise | Centaurus is always down |
| Set | Centaurus is always down |
| Elevation at transit | -0° |
| Transit time | 09:10 |
| Equatorial coordinate | RA: 12h 46m 27s, Dec: -50° 30' 55" |
| Magnitude | - |
| Constellation |
The graph is structured with the vertical axis showing the hours of the day, ranging from 12 AM to 12 AM the next day, while the horizontal axis spans each day of the year.
The reddish shaded area indicates the periods when the Centaurus is above the horizon, visible to observers. The white line marks the times when the celestial object reaches its highest point in the sky each day, known as the transit.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the International Astronomical Union (IAU) for defining and standardizing the official constellation boundaries, which provide a consistent framework for celestial mapping.
Special thanks to Sky & Telescope Magazine and contributors Roger Sinnott and Rick Fienberg for their collaboration in producing the charts and tables. The constellation patterns, drawn by Alan MacRobert, were influenced by the work of H. A. Rey and thoughtfully adjusted to align with earlier traditions.