Sagittarius Constellation
Sagittarius (The Archer)
Sagittarius is one of the most well-known constellations, representing an archer, often depicted as a centaur aiming a bow and arrow. It is a prominent constellation in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the twelve zodiac signs. Sagittarius is known for its rich mythological ties and significant astronomical features.
Key Features
- Bright Stars: Sagittarius contains several bright stars that outline the archer:
- Rukbat: The brightest star in Sagittarius, a yellow giant located about 170 light-years away.
- Alnasl: A giant star marking the point of the arrow, located about 85 light-years away.
- Kaus Australis: A bright blue giant star marking the tail of the archer’s bow.
- Kaus Borealis: A binary star system that forms part of the archer’s figure.
- Deep-Sky Objects: Sagittarius is home to some notable deep-sky objects:
- Messier 22 (M22): A large and bright globular cluster, one of the most studied in the Milky Way.
- Messier 8 (M8, The Lagoon Nebula): A bright emission nebula containing numerous young stars and stellar nurseries.
- Messier 17 (M17, The Omega Nebula): A well-known emission nebula, resembling the shape of a starship.
- Sagittarius A*: A supermassive black hole located at the center of our galaxy.
Mythological Background
In Greek mythology, Sagittarius is often associated with the centaur Chiron, a wise and noble figure who was skilled in healing, music, and archery. Unlike other centaurs, Chiron was kind and well-respected. According to the myth, Chiron was accidentally wounded by an arrow and, unable to heal himself, gave up his immortality to end his suffering. In recognition of his wisdom and sacrifices, Chiron was placed among the stars as Sagittarius.
Some versions of the myth also associate Sagittarius with the archer-god Apollo, who was skilled in both the arts of archery and prophecy.
Cultural Significance
Sagittarius has been a symbol of strength, independence, and exploration. In astrology, individuals born under the sign of Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21) are often seen as adventurous, optimistic, and freedom-loving. The constellation also holds significant importance in navigation, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is visible during the summer months. Its location near the center of the Milky Way makes it a key region for astronomers studying the galaxy’s structure.
Sagittarius Rise and Set Timetable
Time | Elevation | |
Sunset | 17:10 | 20° |
Civil sunset | 17:41 | 17° |
Astrosession begin | 04:18 | -73° |
Astrosession end | 06:21 | -52° |
Sagittarius Rise | 11:07 | |
Sagittarius transit | 15:27 | 23° |
Track Sagittarius Position Throughout the Night
Time | |
Altitude | |
Azimuth |
Annual motion of Sagittarius
Date | Fri, 22 November 2024 |
Twighlight start | 18:42 |
Twighlight end | 05:44 |
Twighlight duration | 11h 2m |
Rise | 11:03 |
Set | 19:43 |
Elevation at transit | 23° |
Transit time | 15:23 |
Equatorial coordinate | RA: 19h 00m 55s, Dec: -26° 35' 18" |
Magnitude | - |
Constellation |
The graph is structured with the vertical axis showing the hours of the day, ranging from 12 AM to 12 AM the next day, while the horizontal axis spans each day of the year.
The reddish shaded area indicates the periods when the Sagittarius is above the horizon, visible to observers. The white line marks the times when the celestial object reaches its highest point in the sky each day, known as the transit.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the International Astronomical Union (IAU) for defining and standardizing the official constellation boundaries, which provide a consistent framework for celestial mapping.
Special thanks to Sky & Telescope Magazine and contributors Roger Sinnott and Rick Fienberg for their collaboration in producing the charts and tables. The constellation patterns, drawn by Alan MacRobert, were influenced by the work of H. A. Rey and thoughtfully adjusted to align with earlier traditions.